Ke Kumu Hana o Cystal Oscillator

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka oscillator kristal

ʻO ka oscillator kristal e pili ana i ka wafer i ʻoki ʻia mai kahi aniani quartz e like me ke ʻano azimuth Angle, quartz crystal resonator, i kapa ʻia ʻo quartz crystal a i ʻole oscillator kristal;Ua kapa ʻia ka mea aniani me ka IC i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka pōʻai.Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kāna mau huahana i nā pahu metala, akā i loko o nā pahu aniani, nā seramika a i ʻole plastic.

Ke kumu hana o ka oscillator kristal

ʻO ka quartz crystal oscillator kahi mea hana resonant i hana ʻia me ka hopena piezoelectric o ke aniani quartz.ʻO kona ʻano maʻamau e like me kēia: Mai kahi aniani quartz e like me kahi ʻāpana azimuth, i uhi ʻia me ka ʻāpana kālā ma kona mau ʻaoʻao like ʻelua e like me nā electrodes, welded i kahi uwea alakaʻi ma kēlā me kēia electrode i hoʻopili ʻia i ka pine, hui pū ʻia me ka pūpū i hoʻokumu ʻia. he quartz crystal resonator, i kapa ʻia ʻo quartz crystal a i ʻole crystal, crystal vibration.Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kāna mau huahana i nā pahu metala, akā i loko o nā pahu aniani, nā seramika a i ʻole plastic.

Inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi māla uila i nā electrodes ʻelua o kahi aniani quartz, hoʻololi ʻia ka chip me ka mechanically.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, inā hoʻohana ʻia ke kaomi mechanical ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka chip, e hana ʻia kahi māla uila ma ke ala kūpono o ka chip.Ua kapa ʻia kēia hanana kino i ka hopena piezoelectric.Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā voltase ʻokoʻa i nā pou ʻelua o ka chip, e hoʻopuka ka chip i nā haʻalulu mechanical, a laila e hoʻohua i nā māla uila.

Ma keʻano laulā, he liʻiliʻi loa ka amplitude o ka haʻalulu mechanical o ka chip a me ka amplitude o ke kahua uila alternating, akā inā he waiwai kikoʻī ka alapine o ka volter hoʻopili i hoʻopili ʻia, piʻi nui ka amplitude, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā alapine ʻē aʻe. , ua kapa 'ia keia hanana piezoelectric resonance, i like loa me ka resonance o ke kaapuni LC.ʻO kona alapine resonant pili i ke ʻano ʻoki, geometry a me ka nui o ka chip.

Ke haʻalulu ʻole ke aniani, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he capacitor pālahalaha i kapa ʻia ʻo electrostatic capacitance C, a ʻo kona nui e pili ana i ka nui geometric o ka chip a me ka wahi o ka electrode, maʻamau e pili ana i kahi ʻano ʻili liʻiliʻi i nā ʻano o ka ʻili. .Ke oscillates ke aniani, ua like ka inertia o ka haʻalulu mechanical me ka inductance L. ʻO ka maʻamau, nā helu L mai nā ʻumi a hiki i nā haneli degere.Hiki ke like ka elasticity o ka chip me ka capacitance C, he mea liʻiliʻi loa, maʻamau wale nō 0.0002 ~ 0.1 picograms.ʻO ka poho i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka friction i ka wafer vibration ua like ia me R, nona ka waiwai ma kahi o 100 ohms.No ka mea he nui loa ka inductance like o ka chip, a he liʻiliʻi loa ʻo C, he liʻiliʻi nō hoʻi ʻo R, no laila he nui loa ka helu Q o ke kaapuni, a hiki i 1000 ~ 10000. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka resonant frequency o ka chip ponoʻī. pili wale i ke ʻano ʻoki, geometry a me ka nui o ka chip, a hiki ke hana pololei ʻia, no laila hiki i ke kaapuni oscillator i haku ʻia me nā resonator quartz ke loaʻa i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe.

He kaapuni manawa ko nā kamepiula, a ʻoiai ua hoʻohana mau ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "uaki" e kuhikuhi i kēia mau mea hana, ʻaʻole lākou he mau uaki ma ke ʻano maʻamau.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kapa ʻia lākou he timers.ʻO ka manawa o ka lolouila ka mea maʻamau he aniani quartz i hana pono ʻia e oscillates i loko o kona mau palena hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma ke alapine e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka ʻoki ʻia ʻana o ke aniani a me ka nui o ka ʻeha e kau ʻia ai.ʻElua mau papa inoa e pili ana i kēlā me kēia quartz crystal, kahi counter a me kahi papa inoa paʻa.ʻO kēlā me kēia oscillation o ka quartz crystal e hoʻemi i ka counter i hoʻokahi.Ke emi ka counter i ka 0, hana ʻia kahi hoʻopau a hoʻouka hou ka counter i ka waiwai mua mai ka papa inoa paʻa.ʻO kēia ala e hiki ai ke hoʻolālā i kahi manawa e hoʻohua ai i 60 mau kekona i kēlā me kēia kekona (a i ʻole ma kekahi alapine e makemake ʻia).Ua kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia hoʻopaʻapaʻa he uka uaki.

Ma nā huaʻōlelo uila, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka oscillator kristal me kahi pūnaewele ʻelua-terminal o kahi capacitor a me kahi resistor i ka like a me kahi capacitor i ka moʻo.I ka ʻenehana uila, ʻelua mau wahi resonance o kēia pūnaewele, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa.ʻO ke alapine haʻahaʻa ka resonance series, a ʻo ke alapine kiʻekiʻe he resonance like.Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ke aniani ponoʻī, kokoke loa ka mamao ma waena o nā alapine ʻelua.I loko o kēia laina alapine haiki loa, ua like ka oscillator kristal me kahi inductor, no laila ʻoiai ua pili nā kihi ʻelua o ka oscillator kristal i ka like me nā capacitors kūpono, e hana ia i kahi kaapuni resonance like.Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kēia kaapuni resonant like i kahi kaapuni manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole e hana i kahi kaapuni oscillation sinusoidal.No ka haiki loa o ke alapine o ka oscillator kristal e like me ka inductance, ʻaʻole e loli nui ke alapine o kēia oscillator inā ʻokoʻa nā palena o nā mea ʻē aʻe.

He mea koʻikoʻi ko Crystal oscillator, ʻo ia ka waiwai capacitance ukana, koho i ka capacitance parallel e like me ka waiwai capacitance load, hiki ke loaʻa i ke alapine resonance nominal o ka oscillator kristal.ʻO ke kaʻapuni oscillation crystal vibration ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o kahi mea hoʻonui hoʻohuli i hoʻopili ʻia i nā kristal he ʻelua capacitance e loaʻa i nā wēlau o nā kristal, kēlā me kēia capacitance ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka loaʻa ʻana, pono e like ka mana o nā capacitors ʻelua i ka waiwai series. i ka capacitance ukana, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻolohe i nā pine IC maʻamau i loaʻa ka capacitance hoʻokomo like, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia.ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka capacitance o ka oscillator crystal he 15 a i ʻole 12.5 ʻili.Inā noʻonoʻo ʻia ka capacitance hoʻokomo like o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka oscillation circuit o ka oscillator crystal i haku ʻia me ʻelua 22 capacitors ʻili.